七臣七主

The Discerning Ruler relies on positional power and method as his constants, listens broadly to near and far to continue his clarity. When all matters are carefully examined, laws and commands are firm; when rewards and punishments are certain, those below submit to standards. Without elaborate preparations, harmony is achieved, and the people return to simplicity. The Indulgent Ruler gives lavish rewards and generous gifts until the treasury is empty, pardons criminals and overlooks transgressions until the law is damaged. When the treasury is empty, the ruler's authority declines; when the law is damaged, the gate to villainy is opened wide.

The order or disorder of a single person lies in his heart-mind; the survival or destruction of a state lies in its ruler. The gains and losses of all under heaven proceed from one person. If the ruler values agriculture, the people will eagerly clear wasteland. If the ruler values commerce, the people will flock to the marketplace. If the ruler values palaces, the craftsmen will grow ingenious. If the ruler values fine fabrics, the women workers will produce luxurious goods.

The enlightened ruler has six duties and four prohibitions. The six duties are: first, frugal expenditure; second, worthy assistants; third, legal standards; fourth, certain punishments; fifth, adherence to heaven's seasons; sixth, suitability to the land.