正名

Therefore when the true king regulates names: names are fixed and realities are distinguished, the Way is practiced and intentions are communicated, and then he carefully leads the people to unity. Those who split phrases and arbitrarily create names to disorder correct names, causing the people doubt and confusion and producing much disputation and litigation, are called great criminals. Their crime is comparable to that of tampering with tallies, credentials, and standards of measurement.

Nature is what Heaven produces. Feelings are the substance of nature. Desires are the responses of feelings. To consider what one desires obtainable and to seek it — this is what feelings cannot avoid. To consider something permissible and to guide action accordingly — this is what knowledge must produce. Therefore even a gatekeeper cannot eliminate desire — it is inherent in human nature. Even the Son of Heaven cannot exhaust all desire. Though desire cannot be exhausted, it can come close to satisfaction. Though desire cannot be eliminated, the pursuit of it can be regulated.