民守戰九因
Nine Reasons the People Fight to the Death
凡民之所以守戰至死而不德其上者，有數以至焉。曰：大者親戚墳墓之所在也，田宅富厚足居也。不然，則州縣鄉黨與宗族足懷樂也。不然，則上之教訓、習俗，慈愛之於民也厚，無所往而得之。不然，則山林澤谷之利足生也。不然，則地形險阻，易守而難攻也。不然，則罰嚴而可畏也。不然，則賞明而足勸也。不然，則有深怨於敵人也。不然，則有厚功幹上也。此民之所以守戰至死而不德其上者也。
The reasons people defend and fight to the death without feeling gratitude toward their superiors can be enumerated. The greatest is that their relatives' graves are located there and their fields and dwellings are rich enough to live on. Failing that, it is because their district, township, and clan provide enough to feel attached and content. Failing that, it is because the instruction, customs, and benevolence of those above toward the people are so generous that they cannot find the same elsewhere. Failing that, it is because the profits from mountains, forests, marshes, and valleys are sufficient for livelihood. Failing that, it is because the terrain is steep and defensible, easy to hold and hard to attack. Failing that, it is because punishments are strict and fearsome. Failing that, it is because rewards are clear and encouraging. Failing that, it is because they bear deep hatred for the enemy. Failing that, it is because they have rendered great service to their superiors. These are the reasons the people defend and fight to the death without feeling gratitude toward those above.