十一類精銳
The Eleven Categories of Elite Troops
武王問太公曰：「練士之道奈何？」太公曰：「軍中有大勇、敢死、樂傷者，聚為一卒，名曰冒刃之士；有銳氣、壯勇、強暴者，聚為一卒，名曰陷陣之士；有奇表長劍、接武齊列者，聚為一卒，名曰勇銳之士；有披距、伸鉤、強梁多力、潰破金鼓、絕滅旌旗者，聚為一卒，名曰勇力之士；有逾高絕遠，輕足善走者，聚為一卒，名曰寇兵之士；有王臣失勢欲復見功者，聚為一卒，名曰死鬥之士；有贅婿人虜欲掩跡揚名者，聚為一卒，名曰勵鈍之士；有死將之人子弟欲與其將報仇者，聚為一卒，名曰敢死之士；有貧窮憤怒欲快其志者，聚為一卒，名曰必死之士；有胥靡免罪之人欲逃其恥者，聚為一卒，名曰幸用之士；有材技兼人能負重致遠者，聚為一卒，名曰待命之士。此軍之服習，不可不察也。」
King Wu asked Taigong: "What is the method for selecting and training officers?" Taigong said: "Within the army, those of great courage who are willing to die and welcome wounds — gather them into one unit, called Blade-Braving Warriors. Those of fierce spirit, robust bravery, and violent strength — gather them into one unit, called Formation-Breaking Warriors. Those of striking appearance who wield long swords and can march in close-order formation — gather them into one unit, called Courageous Vanguard Warriors. Those who can rend armor and straighten hooks, of surpassing strength, able to shatter gongs and drums and tear down banners — gather them into one unit, called Warriors of Brute Force. Those who can scale heights, leap great distances, and run with light and swift feet — gather them into one unit, called Raider Warriors. Those who are disgraced royal officials wishing to redeem themselves through merit — gather them into one unit, called Death-Fight Warriors. Those who are indentured sons-in-law or captives wishing to erase their shame and make a name — gather them into one unit, called Inspired Warriors. Those who are sons and brothers of fallen generals wishing to avenge their commander — gather them into one unit, called Dare-to-Die Warriors. Those who are impoverished and furious, wishing to fulfill their ambitions — gather them into one unit, called Certain-Death Warriors. Those who are pardoned convicts wishing to escape their disgrace — gather them into one unit, called Grateful-Service Warriors. Those whose skills surpass others and who can carry heavy loads over long distances — gather them into one unit, called Awaiting-Orders Warriors. These are the specialized categories of the army's trained troops — they must not be overlooked."
Notes
This classification system represents one of the earliest known doctrines of specialized military unit organization. Rather than sorting soldiers solely by skill, the Liutao recognizes that personal motivation — shame, revenge, poverty, ambition — is as powerful a combat multiplier as physical ability. Each category channels a different psychological drive into military effectiveness.