高祖本紀（上）

Gaozu is a man of Zhongyang Village in the town of Feng, in the district of Pei. His surname is Liu; his courtesy name is Ji. His father is called the Venerable Sire; his mother, Dame Liu. Previously, Dame Liu once rests by the bank of a great marsh and dreams of an encounter with a spirit. At that moment thunder and lightning darken the sky. The Venerable Sire goes to look and sees a scaly dragon above her. She thereupon conceives and gives birth to Gaozu.

Gaozu has a prominent nose and a dragon-like face, a fine beard and whiskers, and seventy-two dark moles on his left thigh. He is benevolent and fond of people, generous in giving, and open-minded. He always thinks on a grand scale and does not concern himself with the household livelihood. When he comes of age, he is tested as a functionary and becomes Head of the Relay Station at Sishui. He treats none of the officials at the local court with anything but casual disrespect. He is fond of wine and women. He often drinks on credit from Dame Wang and Dame Wu, and falls asleep drunk. Dame Wu and Dame Wang see that a dragon always hovers above him, and find this strange. Whenever Gaozu stays to drink, his wine tab multiplies several times over. Because of the strange omen, at year's end the two families always tear up his tallies and write off the debt.

Gaozu once goes to Xianyang on corvée duty and, free to gaze about, observes the First Emperor of Qin. He sighs deeply and says: "Ah! This is how a great man ought to be!"

A man of Shanfu named Lü Gong is on good terms with the magistrate of Pei. To avoid a feud he comes to stay with the magistrate as a guest, and so settles his household in Pei. The powerful men and officials of Pei, hearing that the magistrate has an important guest, all go to offer congratulations. Xiao He serves as chief clerk and manages the gifts, instructing the assembled gentlemen: "Anyone whose gift is less than a thousand cash, sit below the hall." Gaozu, as a mere station chief, has always made light of the officials. He brazenly writes on his calling card "Gift: ten thousand cash" — though he carries not a single coin. When the card is brought in, Lü Gong is greatly startled. He rises and meets Gaozu at the gate. Lü Gong is a man who delights in physiognomy. Seeing Gaozu's features, he treats him with deep respect and leads him inside to a seat. Xiao He says: "Liu Ji is always full of big talk but short on accomplishment." Gaozu proceeds to treat all the other guests with casual disrespect and takes the seat of honor without the slightest embarrassment. When the wine draws to a close, Lü Gong signals with his eyes for Gaozu to stay. After the drinking ends, Gaozu lingers. Lü Gong says: "Since my youth I have been fond of reading faces, and I have read a great many — but none compares with the face of Ji. I hope Ji will take care of himself. I have a daughter, and I wish to offer her as Ji's wife." After the banquet, Dame Lü angrily rebukes Lü Gong: "You always said you wanted to make something extraordinary of this girl — to marry her to a man of rank. The magistrate of Pei is your friend and sought her hand, yet you would not give her. How can you recklessly promise her to Liu Ji?" Lü Gong says: "This is not something a woman would understand." In the end he gives his daughter to Liu Ji. Lü Gong's daughter is none other than Empress Lü. She bears Emperor Hui and Princess Yuan of Lu.

When Gaozu serves as station chief, he often takes leave to go to the fields. Empress Lü lives in the fields with their two children, weeding. An old man passes by and asks for a drink. Empress Lü gives him food. The old man reads Empress Lü's face and says: "Madam is the most exalted woman in All-Under-Heaven." She has him read the children. Seeing Hui, he says: "The reason Madam will be exalted is this boy." He reads the face of Princess Yuan of Lu — she too will be exalted. After the old man has gone, Gaozu happens to come from a neighboring house. Empress Lü tells him everything: that a traveler passed by and read the faces of her and the children, all destined for great eminence. Gaozu asks where the man went. She says: "He has not gone far." He gives chase, catches up, and questions the old man. The old man says: "Just now, the lady and the children all resemble you, my lord. Your face is so noble it is beyond words." Gaozu thanks him and says: "If it is truly as you say, sir, I shall never forget this kindness." By the time Gaozu rises to eminence, the old man's whereabouts are unknown.

While Gaozu serves as station chief, he has a cap made of bamboo bark and sends a thief-catcher to Xue to have it fashioned. He wears it from time to time, and after he becomes eminent he wears it constantly. This is the so-called "Liu Clan Cap."

As station chief, Gaozu is ordered by the county to escort a gang of convicts to Mount Li. Many abscond along the way. He reckons that by the time they arrive, all will have fled. Reaching the marshes west of Feng, he halts to drink, and that night he releases all the convicts. He says: "You may all go. I too shall disappear from here!" More than ten stout fellows among the convicts wish to follow him. Gaozu, flushed with wine, walks through the marshes by night and sends one man ahead to scout. The scout returns and reports: "There is a great serpent blocking the path. We should turn back." Gaozu, drunk, says: "A brave man walks forward — what is there to fear!" He goes ahead, draws his sword, and strikes the serpent, cleaving it in two. The path opens. After walking several li he lies down, overcome by drink. Those behind come upon the dead serpent. An old woman is weeping in the night. They ask her why. She says: "Someone has killed my son, and so I weep." They ask: "Why was your son killed?" She says: "My son is the son of the White Emperor. He took the form of a serpent and lay across the road. Now the son of the Red Emperor has slain him — that is why I weep." The men think the old woman dishonest and mean to rebuke her, but she suddenly vanishes. When the others catch up, Gaozu is awake. They tell him what happened. Gaozu is secretly delighted and grows self-assured. His followers become daily more in awe of him.

The First Emperor of Qin often says: "In the southeast there is the emanation of a Son of Heaven." He therefore makes an eastern tour to suppress it. Gaozu suspects this refers to himself. He flees into hiding among the crags and marshes of Mount Mang and Mount Dang. Empress Lü goes with others to look for him and always finds him. Gaozu, puzzled, asks how. Empress Lü says: "Wherever Ji stays, there are always cloud formations above. By following them I always find Ji." Gaozu is pleased at heart. Some of the young men of Pei hear of this, and many wish to attach themselves to him.

In the autumn of the first year of the Second Emperor of Qin, Chen Sheng and others rise at Qi, advance to Chen, and declare themselves king, adopting the title "Expanded Chu." Throughout the commanderies and counties, many kill their chief officials to answer Chen She's call. The magistrate of Pei is alarmed and wishes to bring Pei over to Chen She's side. The clerks Xiao He and Cao Can say: "You are a Qin official. If you now turn against Qin and try to lead the young men of Pei, they may refuse to follow. We suggest you summon the fugitives who are in hiding outside — that could yield several hundred men. Use them to overawe the people, and the people will not dare refuse." They thereupon order Fan Kuai to summon Liu Ji. Liu Ji's band already numbers several hundred.

Fan Kuai comes with Liu Ji. The magistrate of Pei then regrets his decision, fears a turn of events, and shuts the city gates to defend the walls, intending to execute Xiao He and Cao Can. Xiao and Cao take fright and leap over the wall to join Liu Ji. Liu Ji writes a message on silk and shoots it over the wall, addressing the elders of Pei: "All-Under-Heaven has suffered under Qin for too long. Though you elders now defend the city for the magistrate, the lords are rising on every side and will soon slaughter Pei. If Pei joins together to execute the magistrate and sets up a worthy man from among its own sons to answer the call of the lords, then your homes and families will be preserved. Otherwise, fathers and sons alike will be slaughtered — to no purpose." The elders thereupon lead their sons to kill the magistrate, open the gates, and welcome Liu Ji, wishing to make him magistrate. Liu Ji says: "All-Under-Heaven is in turmoil. The lords are rising on every side. If you choose the wrong general now, a single defeat will ruin everything. It is not that I presume to put myself forward — I fear my abilities are too slight to protect the fathers, brothers, and sons of Pei. This is a great matter. I beg you to deliberate further and choose a worthy man." Xiao He, Cao Can, and the rest are all men of letters. Protective of themselves, they fear the enterprise may fail and that Qin will afterwards exterminate their clans, so all yield to Liu Ji. The elders all say: "We have always heard of the marvels and omens surrounding Liu Ji — he is destined for eminence. Moreover, divination by tortoise and milfoil shows no one so auspicious as Liu Ji." Liu Ji declines several times. None of the others dares to assume the position. They therefore establish Ji as the Lord of Pei. They sacrifice to the Yellow Emperor and to Chiyou in the courtyard of Pei, smear the drums with blood, and make all banners red — because the serpent that was slain was the son of the White Emperor, and the slayer the son of the Red Emperor; hence the color red is exalted. The bold young men and officials — Xiao He, Cao Can, Fan Kuai and the rest — then muster two or three thousand of the young men of Pei, attack Huling and Fangyu, and return to defend Feng.

In the second year of the Second Emperor, Zhou Zhang, a general of Chen She, marches his army west as far as Xi but then retreats. Yan, Zhao, Qi, and Wei each set up their own kings. The Xiang clan rises in Wu. The Qin Inspector of Sichuan, Ping, leads troops to besiege Feng. After two days the Lord of Pei sallies forth, engages him, and defeats him. He orders Yong Chi to hold Feng and leads his forces to Xue. The Governor of Si Province, Zhuang, is defeated at Xue, flees to Qi, and the Lord of Pei's Aide-de-Camp of the Left captures and kills him. The Lord of Pei withdraws to Kangfu, then advances to Fangyu without engaging. King Chen sends the Wei man Zhou Shi to take territory. Zhou Shi sends a messenger to Yong Chi, saying: "Feng was formerly resettled from Liang. Now Wei has already secured scores of cities. If you submit to Wei, Wei will make you marquis and let you hold Feng. If you do not submit, Feng will be slaughtered." Yong Chi has always been reluctant to serve the Lord of Pei. When Wei recruits him, he promptly revolts and holds Feng for Wei. The Lord of Pei leads his forces to attack Feng but cannot take it. He falls ill and returns to Pei. Resenting Yong Chi and the men of Feng for their betrayal, and hearing that Ning Jun of Dongyang and Qin Jia have set up Jing Ju as acting king at Liu, he goes to join them, hoping to borrow troops to attack Feng. At this time the Qin general Zhang Han advances from Chen, and his subordinate Sima Nie leads troops north to pacify Chu territory, massacres the people of Xiang, and reaches Dang. Ning Jun of Dongyang and the Lord of Pei lead their forces west and fight west of Xiao, but without success. They fall back, gather troops at Liu, and march to attack Dang. After three days they take Dang, absorb its garrison — gaining five or six thousand men — and attack and take Xiayi. They return to besiege Feng. Hearing that Xiang Liang is at Xue, the Lord of Pei rides out with over a hundred horsemen to meet him. Xiang Liang gives him five thousand additional troops and ten officers of the Fifth Rank. The Lord of Pei returns and leads his forces to attack Feng.

After a month or so with Xiang Liang, Xiang Yu takes Xiangcheng by storm and returns. Xiang Liang summons all his subordinate generals to Xue. Having learned that King Chen is certainly dead, he enthrones Xiong Xin, a grandson of the old King Huai of Chu, as King of Chu, with his court at Xuyi. Xiang Liang takes the title Lord of Wuxin. After several months, they attack Kangfu to the north, rescue Dong'e, and defeat the Qin army. The Qi forces then withdraw. Chu alone pursues the routed enemy. The Lord of Pei and Xiang Yu separately attack Chengyang and put it to the sword. They encamp east of Puyang and engage the Qin army, defeating it.

The Qin army regroups and defends Puyang, moating it with water. The Chu forces move off to attack Dingtao, which does not fall. The Lord of Pei and Xiang Yu sweep westward to Yongqiu, engage the Qin army, and inflict a great defeat, killing Li You. They turn back to attack Waihuang, which does not fall.

Having twice defeated the Qin army, Xiang Liang grows arrogant. Song Yi remonstrates, but Xiang Liang does not listen. Qin reinforces Zhang Han. By night, with gags in their mouths, they strike Xiang Liang, inflict a devastating defeat at Dingtao, and Xiang Liang dies. The Lord of Pei and Xiang Yu are at that moment attacking Chenliu. On hearing of Xiang Liang's death, they withdraw eastward with General Lü. Lü Chen's army encamps east of Pengcheng, Xiang Yu's army west of Pengcheng, and the Lord of Pei's army at Dang.

Having destroyed Xiang Liang's army, Zhang Han concludes that the Chu forces are no longer a concern. He crosses the Yellow River and strikes north against Zhao, inflicting a great defeat. At this time Zhao Xie is king. The Qin general Wang Li besieges him at the city of Julu — this is the so-called "army north of the River."

In the third year of the Second Emperor, King Huai of Chu, seeing that Xiang Liang's army has been destroyed, is alarmed. He moves from Xuyi to make his capital at Pengcheng and personally takes command of the armies of Lü Chen and Xiang Yu. He appoints the Lord of Pei as Chief of Dang commandery, enfeoffs him as Marquis of Wu'an, and gives him command of the Dang garrison. He enfeoffs Xiang Yu as Marquis of Chang'an with the title Lord of Lu. Lü Chen is made Minister of Works, and his father Lü Qing is made Chief Minister.

Zhao repeatedly begs for rescue. King Huai thereupon appoints Song Yi as supreme general, Xiang Yu as second-in-command, and Fan Zeng as junior general, and sends them north to relieve Zhao. He orders the Lord of Pei to sweep westward and enter the Pass. He makes a covenant with all the generals: he who first enters and pacifies the land within the passes shall be made its king.

At this time the Qin army is strong, constantly pursuing and exploiting its victories. None of the generals see any advantage in being first to enter the Pass. Only Xiang Yu, burning with rage against Qin for destroying Xiang Liang's army, is eager and wishes to go west into the Pass with the Lord of Pei. The senior generals at King Huai's court all say: "Xiang Yu is headstrong, savage, cunning, and destructive. When Xiang Yu attacked Xiangcheng, not a living soul remained — he buried them all alive. Wherever he passes, nothing is left but ruin. Moreover, Chu has repeatedly advanced only to fail — first King Chen, then Xiang Liang, both met defeat. It would be better to send a man of magnanimity who upholds righteousness to go west and persuade the fathers and elders of Qin. The fathers and elders of Qin have long suffered under their ruler. If we can truly send a man of magnanimity who refrains from violence, the land should submit. Xiang Yu is headstrong and savage — he must not be sent. Only the Lord of Pei has always been a generous man of magnanimity — he should be sent." In the end they refuse Xiang Yu's request and dispatch the Lord of Pei to sweep westward, rallying the scattered troops of King Chen and Xiang Liang. He takes the road from Dang to Chengyang, confronts the Qin army at Gangli in a double encampment, and defeats both forces. The Chu army also sends troops to strike Wang Li, inflicting a great defeat.

The Lord of Pei leads his forces west and encounters Peng Yue at Changyi. They join to attack the Qin army but without success. He falls back to Li and encounters the Marquis of Gangwu. He seizes his forces — some four thousand men — and absorbs them. Together with the Wei generals Huang Xin and the Wei Marshal Wu Pu, he attacks Changyi, which does not fall. He passes west through Gaoyang. Li Yiji, a gate-watcher there, says: "Many generals have passed through here, but I judge the Lord of Pei to be a man of magnanimity." He requests an audience and addresses the Lord of Pei. The Lord of Pei is at that moment sitting with legs spread on a couch, having two serving girls wash his feet. Master Li does not bow but gives a long salute and says: "If Your Lordship truly intends to destroy the lawless Qin, it is not fitting to sit with legs spread while receiving an elder." The Lord of Pei rises at once, straightens his robes, apologizes, and invites him to the seat of honor. Li Yiji advises the Lord of Pei to raid Chenliu to seize the Qin grain stores. He thereupon makes Li Yiji Lord of Guangye, and Li Yiji's brother Li Shang a general commanding the troops of Chenliu. Together they attack Kaifeng, which does not fall. Going west, they engage the Qin general Yang Xiong at Baima, then fight again east of Quyu and inflict a great defeat. Yang Xiong flees to Yingyang. The Second Emperor sends an envoy to behead Yang Xiong as an example. They attack Yingyang to the south and put it to the sword. Joining forces with Zhang Liang, they sweep through the Han territory at Huanyuan.

At this time the Zhao general Sima Ang is about to cross the Yellow River and enter the Pass. The Lord of Pei therefore attacks Pingyin to the north and cuts the river crossings. Moving south, he fights east of Luoyang but his army fares badly. He falls back to Yangcheng, gathers his cavalry, and engages the Governor of Nanyang, Yi, east of Chou, defeating him. He sweeps through Nanyang commandery. The Governor flees and holds up in the walled city of Wan. The Lord of Pei leads his forces past it and heads west. Zhang Liang remonstrates: "Though the Lord of Pei is anxious to enter the Pass quickly, Qin still has numerous troops holding the defiles. If you do not take Wan now, Wan will attack from behind while the might of Qin lies before you — this is a path to disaster." The Lord of Pei thereupon leads his troops back by another road under cover of night, changes his banners, and at dawn encircles the city of Wan three times over. The Governor of Nanyang is about to cut his own throat. His retainer Chen Hui says: "It is not too late to die." He climbs over the wall to see the Lord of Pei and says: "I have heard that Your Lordship has a covenant: he who first enters Xianyang shall be king. Now Your Lordship lingers at Wan. Wan is the seat of a great commandery, with scores of walled cities in a chain, its population large and its stores ample. The officials believe that to surrender means certain death, so they all hold fast to the walls. If Your Lordship spends the whole day in assault, many soldiers will be killed and wounded. If you withdraw and leave Wan, Wan's forces will follow on your heels — before you lies the loss of the covenant for Xianyang, behind you the menace of a strong Wan. In my estimation, the best course is to offer terms of surrender: enfeoff the Governor, have him remain as garrison commander, and take his armored troops with you westward. When the other cities that have not yet fallen hear of this, they will vie to open their gates and await you. Your Lordship will pass through unhindered." The Lord of Pei says: "Excellent." He thereupon enfeoffs the Governor of Wan as Marquis of Yin and grants Chen Hui a fief of a thousand households. He leads his forces west, and none fail to submit. At Danshui, the Marquis of Gaowu, Sai, and the Marquis of Xiang, Wang Ling, surrender Xiling. He turns back to attack Huyang, where he encounters Mei Xuan, a subordinate general of the Lord of Fan. Together they take Xi and Li by surrender. He sends the Wei man Ning Chang as envoy to Qin. The envoy has not yet returned. By this time Zhang Han has already surrendered his army to Xiang Yu in Zhao.

Earlier, Xiang Yu and Song Yi go north to relieve Zhao. When Xiang Yu kills Song Yi and takes his place as supreme general, all the subordinate generals — including Qing Bu — submit to him. He destroys the army of the Qin general Wang Li, receives the surrender of Zhang Han, and all the lords attach themselves to him. When Zhao Gao has already killed the Second Emperor, he sends a messenger proposing to divide the land within the passes and share kingship. The Lord of Pei considers this a ruse. Adopting Zhang Liang's plan, he sends Master Li and Lu Jia to persuade the Qin generals, enticing them with profit, and then launches a surprise attack on Wuguan, breaking through it. He then engages the Qin army south of Lantian, deploying ever more decoy banners and flags, and forbidding all plunder wherever he passes. The people of Qin are pleased. The Qin army's cohesion slackens, and he inflicts a devastating defeat. He fights again north of Lantian and inflicts another great defeat. Pressing his advantage, he shatters the Qin forces completely.

In the tenth month of the first year of Han, the Lord of Pei's forces are the first among the lords to reach Bashang. The King of Qin, Ziying, arrives in a plain carriage drawn by white horses, a cord tied about his neck. He presents the imperial seals, tallies, and credentials, and surrenders by the side of the Zhi Road. Some of the generals urge that the King of Qin be executed. The Lord of Pei says: "King Huai sent me precisely because I am able to show leniency. Moreover, the man has already submitted and surrendered — to kill him now would be inauspicious." He hands the King of Qin over to the officials and proceeds west into Xianyang. He is about to quarter himself in the palace when Fan Kuai and Zhang Liang remonstrate. He thereupon seals up the Qin storehouses of treasure, valuables, and wealth, and withdraws his army to Bashang. He summons the elders and leading men of the counties and says: "Elders, you have long suffered under the harsh laws of Qin — those who criticized the government had their clans exterminated; those who so much as whispered together were executed in the marketplace. I have a covenant with the lords: he who first enters the Pass shall be its king. I am to be king of the land within the passes. I make a covenant with you elders: the law shall consist of three articles only — he who kills shall die; he who injures another or steals shall be punished accordingly. All the rest of the Qin laws are hereby abolished. All officials and people shall carry on as before. The sole reason I have come is to rid you elders of harm, not to commit any violence. Have no fear! Furthermore, the reason I have withdrawn my army to Bashang is merely to await the arrival of the other lords and settle the terms of our agreement." He then sends men along with the Qin officials to tour the counties, townships, and towns and proclaim this. The people of Qin are overjoyed, vying with one another to bring cattle, sheep, wine, and food to feast the soldiers. The Lord of Pei again declines, refusing to accept, saying: "The granaries have plenty of grain — there is no shortage. I do not wish to burden the people." The people are even more pleased, their only fear being that the Lord of Pei will not become King of Qin.

Someone advises the Lord of Pei: "Qin is ten times richer than All-Under-Heaven, and its terrain is strong. Now I hear that Zhang Han has surrendered to Xiang Yu, and Xiang Yu has named him King of Yong, to rule the land within the passes. When he arrives, the Lord of Pei may not be able to keep this territory. You should urgently station troops to guard Hangu Pass, refuse entry to the armies of the lords, and gradually conscript more soldiers within the passes to strengthen yourself and resist." The Lord of Pei approves this plan and follows it. In the eleventh month, Xiang Yu indeed leads the armies of the lords westward, intending to enter the Pass, but finds the gates shut. Hearing that the Lord of Pei has already pacified the land within the passes, he is enraged and sends Qing Bu and others to break through Hangu Pass. By the twelfth month he reaches Xi. The Lord of Pei's Aide-de-Camp of the Left, Cao Wushang, hearing that Lord Xiang is furious and means to attack, sends a man to tell Xiang Yu: "The Lord of Pei intends to make himself king of the land within the passes, with Ziying as his chancellor, and to keep all the treasures for himself." He does this hoping to gain an enfeoffment for himself. The Second Father urges Xiang Yu to strike the Lord of Pei. The feast for the troops is being prepared; battle is set for the following dawn. At this time Xiang Yu has four hundred thousand soldiers, nominally a million. The Lord of Pei has a hundred thousand, nominally two hundred thousand — he is no match. As it happens, Xiang Bo wishes to save Zhang Liang's life and goes to see him by night. Through this connection Zhang Liang persuades Xiang Yu with a written appeal, and Xiang Yu relents. The Lord of Pei rides to Hong Gate with just over a hundred horsemen, meets Xiang Yu, and apologizes. Xiang Yu says: "This was told to me by your Aide-de-Camp of the Left, Cao Wushang. Otherwise, how would I have conceived such a thing!" Thanks to Fan Kuai and Zhang Liang, the Lord of Pei manages to escape and return. Upon his return, he immediately executes Cao Wushang.

Xiang Yu then moves west, sacking and burning the palaces of Qin at Xianyang. Everything in his path is ravaged. The people of Qin are bitterly disappointed, yet so frightened that they dare not refuse submission.

Xiang Yu sends a messenger to report to King Huai. King Huai says: "Abide by the covenant." Xiang Yu resents King Huai for refusing to let him go west into the Pass with the Lord of Pei and instead sending him north to relieve Zhao, which caused him to miss the covenant with All-Under-Heaven. He says: "King Huai was set up by my uncle Xiang Liang — he has no merit of his own. By what right does he preside over the covenant? Those who truly pacified All-Under-Heaven are the generals — and I, Ji." He then ostensibly honors King Huai with the title Righteous Emperor, but in reality ignores his commands.

In the first month, Xiang Yu proclaims himself Hegemon-King of Western Chu, ruling nine commanderies of Liang and Chu, with his capital at Pengcheng. Breaking the covenant, he instead names the Lord of Pei King of Han, giving him Ba, Shu, and Hanzhong, with his capital at Nanzheng. He divides the land within the passes into three, establishing the three surrendered Qin generals as kings: Zhang Han as King of Yong, with his capital at Feiqiu; Sima Xin as King of Sai, with his capital at Liyang; Dong Yi as King of Di, with his capital at Gaonu. The Chu general Shen Yang of Xiaqiu is made King of Henan, with his capital at Luoyang. The Zhao general Sima Ang is made King of Yin, with his capital at Zhaoge. King Xie of Zhao is transferred to rule Dai. The Zhao chancellor Zhang Er is made King of Changshan, with his capital at Xiangguo. The Lord of Dangyang, Qing Bu, is made King of Jiujiang, with his capital at Liu. Gong Ao, King Huai's Pillar of State, is made King of Linjiang, with his capital at Jiangling. The Lord of Fan, Wu Rui, is made King of Hengshan, with his capital at Zhu. The Yan general Zang Tu is made King of Yan, with his capital at Ji. The former King of Yan, Han Guang, is transferred to rule Liaodong. Guang refuses to go; Zang Tu attacks and kills him at Wuzhong. The Lord of Cheng'an, Chen Yu, is enfeoffed with three counties in Hejian and resides at Nanpi. Mei Xuan is enfeoffed with a hundred thousand households.