太史公序
The Grand Historian's Preface
太史公讀列封至便侯曰:有以也夫!長沙王者,著令甲,稱其忠焉。昔高祖定天下,功臣非同姓疆土而王者八國。至孝惠帝時,唯獨長沙全,禪五世,以無嗣絕,竟無過,為籓守職,信矣。故其澤流枝庶,毋功而侯者數人。及孝惠訖孝景間五十載,追修高祖時遺功臣,及從代來,吳楚之勞,諸侯子若肺腑,外國歸義,封者九十有餘。鹹表始終,當世仁義成功之著者也。
When the Grand Historian reads the list of enfeoffments and reaches the Marquis of Bian, he says: there was good reason for this! The King of Changsha was cited in Decree Alpha for his loyalty. When Gaozu pacified the realm, eight men of non-Liu surname were made kings over territorial domains. By the time of Emperor Hui, Changsha alone survived intact, passing through five generations before the line ended for lack of an heir — never once committing an offense, faithfully guarding its role as a protective vassal. Because of this, the founder's bounty flowed to the collateral branches, and several men received marquisates without personal merit. Over the fifty years from Emperor Hui through Emperor Jing, previously overlooked meritorious ministers from Gaozu's era were recognized retroactively, along with those who had come from Dai, those who served in the Wu-Chu campaigns, sons and close kin of feudal lords, and foreign leaders who submitted to Han — over ninety enfeoffments in all. I have tabulated all of them from start to finish: these are the notable exemplars of humanity, duty, and successful service in their era.
Notes
The King of Changsha was Wu Rui (吳芮, d. 201 BC), the only non-Liu king to survive the purges after Gaozu consolidated power. His kingdom passed peacefully through five generations before ending without an heir in 157 BC.
Decree Alpha (令甲) refers to the first and most authoritative of the Han legal code's compiled decrees. Being cited in it was the highest form of official commendation.
'Those who came from Dai' (從代來) refers to officials who accompanied Liu Heng (Emperor Wen) when he was summoned from his kingdom of Dai to become emperor in 180 BC after the Lü clan's downfall.
