月戰 (Lunar Warfare) — Chinese ink painting

孫臏兵法 Sun Bin Bingfa · Chapter 6

月戰

Lunar Warfare

View:

天時地利人和

Heaven's Timing, Earth's Advantage, Human Harmony

孫子曰:間於天地之間,莫貴於人。戰囗囗囗囗不單。天時、地利、人和,三者不得,雖勝有殃。是以必付與而囗戰,不得已而後戰。故撫時而戰,不復使其眾。無方而戰者小勝以付磨者也。

Sun Bin said: Between heaven and earth, nothing is more precious than people. In battle [lacuna] one must not act alone. Heaven's timing, earth's advantage, and human harmony — if these three are not obtained, even victory will bring calamity. Therefore one must commit fully and [lacuna] fight, fighting only when there is no alternative. Those who seize the right moment in battle need not deploy their forces again. Those who fight without method achieve small victories only to be gradually worn down.

Notes

1context

The triad of 'heaven's timing, earth's advantage, and human harmony' (天時、地利、人和) became one of the most influential concepts in Chinese strategic thought. Mencius later adopted it in a political context, arguing that human harmony is the most important of the three.

十戰之率

The Ratio of Ten Battles

孫子曰:十戰而六勝,以星也。十戰而七勝,以日者也。十戰而八勝,以月者也。十戰而九勝,月有..[十戰]而十勝,將善而生過者也。一單..(以下為散簡、缺文)..所不勝者也五,五者有所壹,不勝。故戰之道,有多殺人而不得將卒者,有得將卒而不得舍者,有得舍而不得將軍者,有覆軍殺將者。故得其道,則雖欲生不可得也。

Sun Bin said: Winning six of ten battles is due to the stars. Winning seven of ten battles is due to the sun. Winning eight of ten battles is due to the moon. Winning nine of ten battles — the moon has [lacuna]. Winning ten of ten battles — the general is skilled but invites disaster. [Lacuna]... There are five things that prevent victory; if any one of them is present, you cannot win. Therefore in the way of battle: some kill many enemies but cannot capture their officers; some capture officers but cannot take their camp; some take the camp but cannot capture the general; and some can annihilate the army and kill the general. When one has attained the Way of this, even if the enemy wishes to survive, he cannot.

Notes

1context

The title 'Lunar Warfare' (月戰) refers to the astronomical and calendrical dimensions of military timing. The graduated scale — from six victories to ten victories in ten battles — correlates success with different celestial influences. Paradoxically, winning all ten battles is considered dangerous because it breeds overconfidence. This echoes the Wuzi's warning about the peril of excessive victory.

Edition & Source

Text
《孫臏兵法》 Sun Bin Bingfa
Edition
中華古詩文古書籍網 transcription (Yinqueshan bamboo strips reconstruction)
Commentary
Modern reconstruction from 1972 Yinqueshan tomb excavation