天時地利人和
Heaven's Timing, Earth's Advantage, Human Harmony
孫子曰:間於天地之間,莫貴於人。戰囗囗囗囗不單。天時、地利、人和,三者不得,雖勝有殃。是以必付與而囗戰,不得已而後戰。故撫時而戰,不復使其眾。無方而戰者小勝以付磨者也。
Sun Bin said: Between heaven and earth, nothing is more precious than people. In battle [lacuna] one must not act alone. Heaven's timing, earth's advantage, and human harmony — if these three are not obtained, even victory will bring calamity. Therefore one must commit fully and [lacuna] fight, fighting only when there is no alternative. Those who seize the right moment in battle need not deploy their forces again. Those who fight without method achieve small victories only to be gradually worn down.
Notes
The triad of 'heaven's timing, earth's advantage, and human harmony' (天時、地利、人和) became one of the most influential concepts in Chinese strategic thought. Mencius later adopted it in a political context, arguing that human harmony is the most important of the three.
