八陣

Sun Bin said: To command troops with insufficient wisdom is to invite self-inflicted frustration. To command troops with insufficient courage is to overextend oneself. To command troops without understanding the Way, relying on frequent battles and inadequate resources, is to depend on luck. To secure a state of ten thousand chariots, to expand the territory of a king of ten thousand chariots, to preserve the lives of a people of ten thousand chariots — only understanding the Way can accomplish this. One who understands the Way knows the patterns of heaven above, knows the principles of earth below, wins the hearts of his people within, and knows the enemy's situation without. In deploying formations he knows the principles of the eight formations. He fights when he sees victory and holds back when he does not. This is the commander worthy of a king.

Sun Bin said: Those who fight using the eight formations adapt to the terrain's advantages and employ the appropriate formation. Divide the formation into three parts. Each formation has a vanguard, and each vanguard has a rear guard. All await orders before moving. Use one part to fight and two to hold in reserve. With one part attack the enemy; with two parts consolidate. If the enemy is weak and disordered, lead with elite troops to exploit the opening. If the enemy is strong and well-organized, lead with inferior troops to lure him. When chariots and cavalry engage in battle, divide them into three groups: one on the right, one on the left, one in the rear. On level ground, increase the chariots. On rugged ground, increase the cavalry. In narrow passes, increase the crossbowmen. Whether the terrain is rugged or level, you must know which is viable ground and which is deadly ground — occupy the viable and strike toward the deadly.