十陣

Formations number ten in all: the square formation, the circular formation, the sparse formation, the dense formation, the wedge formation, the goose formation, the hook formation, the mysterious-shield formation, the fire formation, and the water formation. Each has its particular advantage. The square formation is used for [lacuna]. The circular formation is used for [lacuna]. The sparse formation is used for [lacuna]. The dense formation is made so it cannot be disrupted. The wedge formation is used for decisive breakthrough. The goose formation is used for engaging with missile fire. The hook formation is used for changing dispositions and altering plans. The mysterious-shield formation is used for creating confusion and complicating the enemy's situation. The fire formation is used for seizure. The water formation is used for holding firm positions.

The method of the square formation: the center must be thin and the flanks thick; the command post is in the rear. The center is thin in order to [lacuna]. The weight [lacuna] in order to [lacuna]. The command post is in the rear in order to [...]. The method of the sparse formation: when armor is few and men are scarce, it must therefore be strengthened. Warriors are placed at the weapon-flags; these men are in the weapons line. Therefore the intervals must be widened, with many banners, pennants, and feathered standards, and blades sharpened along the sides. The sparse formation must not be compressible, and the dense formation must not be disorderly — this depends on caution. Chariots must not charge; infantry must not rush. The general method of the sparse formation involves creating multiple detachments that either advance or retreat, either strike or [lacuna], either engage the enemy directly or intercept his weakness. Thus the sparse formation can overcome the sharp.

The method of the dense formation: do not widen the intervals. Press close at the head of the column. Mass the blades and extend them. Front and rear protect each other. Change [lacuna]. If the armored troops are afraid, have them sit. Use sound to [settle them]. Do not pursue those who leave. Do not stop those who come. Either strike their flanks or insult their sharp edge. Press them without gaps, then withdraw like a mountain. Thus the dense formation cannot be disrupted. The wedge formation: lower it like a sword. If the tip is not sharp, it will not penetrate. If the edge is not thin, it will not cut. If the base is not thick, it cannot form up in array. Therefore the tip must be sharp, the edge thin, and the base massive. Thus the wedge formation can achieve decisive breakthrough.

The method of fire combat: once moats and ramparts are built, construct additional ditches. Stack firewood at intervals of five paces, uniformly distributed between sparse and dense. Laborers are numbered and assigned; have them make connected rafts — they must be light and serviceable. [When the] wind [shifts]... once the fire turns back on itself, fight them. If you cannot overcome them, march seated and retreat northward. The method of water combat: use many foot soldiers and few chariots. Have them prepare hooked ladders, poles, oars, planks, double hulls, [lacuna], and ropes — all must be ready. When advancing, advance to completion. When retreating, do not bunch up. If pressed, follow the current and use the enemy's own men as targets.