王制

How should one govern? I say: promote the worthy and capable without waiting for their turn in line; dismiss the incapable without waiting a moment; execute the supremely wicked without waiting to instruct them; the mediocre transform without special governance. When social positions are not yet settled, there are still distinctions of rank. Even if one is the descendant of kings, lords, or officials, if one cannot adhere to ritual propriety and duty, then relegate that person to the commoners. Even if one is the descendant of commoners, if one accumulates learning, rectifies one's conduct, and can adhere to ritual propriety, then elevate that person to minister, chancellor, or official.

When the horses are spooked, the gentleman in the carriage is not secure. When the people are alarmed by governance, the gentleman in his position is not secure. When horses are spooked, nothing is better than calming them. When the people are alarmed by governance, nothing is better than showing them kindness. Select the worthy and good, promote the sincere and respectful, encourage filial piety and fraternal duty, look after orphans and widows, and assist the poor. Do this, and the common people will be at peace with the government. When the common people are at peace, then the gentleman is secure in his position. The tradition says: 'The ruler is the boat; the common people are the water. Water can carry the boat, and water can capsize it.' This is what it means.