Xenophon — Attic red-figure pottery painting

Ξενοφῶν Xenophon (c. 430–354 BC)

Cyropaedia

How a weak peripheral state builds alliances to overthrow a dominant empire. Xenophon's idealized account of Cyrus the Great uniting Persia, Media, Armenia, and allied nations reads like a Greek manual for 合縱 — the vertical alliance strategy that defined China's Warring States diplomacy.

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